King Neduncheliyans also known as Aryappadai Kadantha Neduncheliyan.The Pandyas ruled over the present day southern Tamil Nadu. He also built irrigation tanks near river Kaveri to provide water for reclaimed land from forest for cultivation.Therefore, Trade and commerce flourished during his reign.Hence, KarikalaвЂ™s military achievements made him the overlord of the whole Tamil country.He also fought at Vahaipparandalai in which nine enemy chieftains submitted before him.Many Sangam Poems mention the Battle of Venni where he defeated the confederacy of Cheras, Pandyas and eleven minor chieftains.Pattinappalai portrays his life and military conquests.King Karikala was a famous king of the Sangam Cholas.Their capital was firstly at Uraiyur and later shifted to Puhar(Tanjore).The Chola kingdom in the Sangam period extended from Northern Tamil Nadu to southern Andhra Pradesh. He was the first to send embassy to China from South India.Senguttuvan introduced the Pattini cult or the worship of Kannagi as the ideal wife in Tamil Nadu.His military achievements have been chronicled in epic Silapathikaram, with details about his expedition to the Himalayas where he defeated many north Indian rulers.

The important ruler of Cheras was Senguttuvan who belonged to 2nd century A.D.The Pugalur inscription of the 1st century AD has reference to three generations of Chera rulers.The insignia of Cheras is theвЂќ bow and arrowвЂќ.They had the palmyra flowers as their garland.The capital of Cheras was Vanji and their important seaports were Tondi and Musiri.The Cheras had their rule over major parts of modern Kerala/ malabar areas. The main source of information about these kingdoms is traced from the literary references of Sangam Period. During the Sangam Age, it was ruled by three dynasties-the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas. The area lying to the south of river Krishna and Tungabhadra is called South India. They also provide valuable details about the Sangam society and polity. The two epics Silappathigaram is written by Elango Adigal and Manimegalai by Sittalai Sattanar.The most important among these works is Tirukkural authored by Thiruvalluvar, the tamil great poet and philosopher. Pathinenkilkanakku contains eighteen works about ethics and morals.The Pattuppattu (Ten Idylls) consist of ten works вЂ“ Thirumurugarruppadai, Porunararruppadai, Sirupanarruppadai, Perumpanarruppadai, Mullaippattu, Nedunalvadai, Maduraikkanji, Kurinjippatttu, Pattinappalai and Malaipadukadam.

Ettutogai (Eight Anthologies) consist of eight works вЂ“ Aingurunooru, Narrinai, Aganaooru, Purananooru, Kuruntogai, Kalittogai, Paripadal and Padirruppattu.

Though it is a work on Tamil grammar but it also provides insights on the political and socio-economic conditions of the time.

Tolkappiyam was authored by Tolkappiyar, it is considered the earliest of Tamil literary work.

The Sangam literature includes Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named вЂ“ Silappathigaram and Manimegalai. A few of these Tamil literary works have survived and are a useful sources to reconstruct the history of the Sangam period. The Third Sangam at Madurai was founded by Mudathirumaran.The S econd Sangam was held at Kapadapuram, only Tolkappiyam survives from this.No literary work of this Sangam is available. The First Sangam, is believed to be held at Madurai, attended by gods and legendary sages.These Sangams flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai. It has been named after the Sangam academies during that period.ДЄccording to the Tamil legends, there were three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) held in the ancient South India popularly called Muchchangam. in Southern India is known as Sangam Period.

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